keropred.blogg.se - Teks review film 5 cm

Nagarajan E, Shanmugasundaram P, Ravichandiran V, Vijayalakshmi A, Senthilnathan B, Masilamani K. Chitosan as biomaterial in drug delivery and tissue engineering. 2019 11(6):1–16.Īhsan SM, Thomas M, Reddy KK, Sooraparaju SG, Asthana A, Bhatnagar I. Controlled release film forming systems in drug delivery: The potential for efficient drug delivery. The potential of polymeric film-forming systems as sustained delivery platforms for topical drugs. Transdermal drug delivery system: An overview. Dari berbagai hasil penelitian, dilaporkan bahwa Film forming system menggunakan basis kitosan menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang potensial dalam sistem penghantaran obat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas permeasi dan penetrasi yang lebih baik. Parameter fisikokimia yang diinginkan harus memiliki sifat mekanik yang mampu mengatasi tekanan takensial gerakan tubuh, pH untuk formula topikal berada pada rentang 4 – 6, waktu pembentukan film kurang dari 15 menit serta water vapour permeability (WVP) lebih dari 0,05 g/cm2. Dalam formula FFS, perlu diperhatikan parameter kritis yang mempengaruhi formulasi film forming system seperti pemilihan konsentrasi polimer, kombinasi dengan polimer lain seperti polimer sintetik polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang rendah untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan pembentukan film yang lebih baik, penambahan eksipien seperti plasticizer, humektan dan crosslinker yang dilaporkan berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisika kimia obat. Dalam review ini, dibahas penggunaan kitosan sebagai basis dalam sistem penghantaran obat yang telah banyak diaplikasikan dengan berbagai aktivitas biologis. Polimer kitosan sebagai basis film forming system banyak digunakan karena sifatnya yang mukoadhesif dan mampu membentuk film tipis. The light rays coming from the horizontal strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water.Sistem penghantaran obat topikal melalui film forming system mampu mengatasi keterbatasan sediaan konvensional dengan membentuk film tipis in situ dan memberikan kontak lebih lama dikulit yang dapat mengontrol pelapasan obat.

The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, and the difference in the refractive index is large, which results in a small critical angle.The light rays coming from the horizon strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water.

The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, but the difference in refractive index is small, which results in a small critical angle.

The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, and the difference in refractive index is large, which results in a large critical angle.

The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, but the difference in refractive index is small, which results in a large critical angle.

Given that the refractive index of air is less for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed. Mirages are generally observed in deserts, where there is a hot layer of air near the ground. The most common type of mirage is an illusion in which light from far-away objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them.

Diamond has a high index of refraction with respect to air, which results in a very large critical angle.

Diamond has a high index of refraction with respect to air, which results in a very small critical angle.Diamond and air have a small difference in their refractive indices that results in a very large critical angle.Diamond and air have a small difference in their refractive indices that results in a very small critical angle.Explain how it can sparkle with flashes of brilliant color when illuminated by white light. A high-quality diamond may be quite clear and colorless, transmitting all visible wavelengths with little absorption.